Quantum computing has progressed from academic labs to a competitive industry, with both tech giants and startups worldwide investing in quantum hardware and software. Below is a structured overview of major companies across North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific that are making significant strides in quantum computing. For each, we outline their core focus, notable achievements, typical science/engineering roles, and advice for landing a role on their team.
North America (USA & Canada)
IBM Quantum (United States)
Background & Focus: IBM has been a trailblazer in quantum computing for decades. It focuses on superconducting quantum hardware and a full-stack approach (from cutting-edge processors to software like the Qiskit framework). IBM provides cloud access to its quantum systems (IBM Quantum Experience) and leads a large quantum network of partners and academic institutions. Its strategy emphasizes scaling up qubit counts and improving error correction towards fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Notable Achievements: IBM has developed some of the most advanced superconducting processors, including the 127-qubit Eagle (2021) and 433-qubit Osprey (2022), and is working on a 1,121-qubit chip (Condor). The company is pioneering modular quantum architectures; by 2025 IBM plans to unveil a quantum-centric supercomputer that interconnects multiple chips to exceed 4,000 qubits. IBM also set industry benchmarks in quantum software; its open-source Qiskit library and cloud platform have democratized access to quantum hardware.
Key Roles: IBM offers roles ranging from Quantum Research Scientists (theorists and experimentalists advancing quantum devices and algorithms) to Quantum Hardware Engineers (designing superconducting qubits, microwave control circuits, and cryogenic systems) and Quantum Software Developers (building tools for Qiskit and quantum cloud services). There are also roles in quantum algorithm development, and even interdisciplinary positions bridging business and research. IBM hires at the bachelor's, master's, and PhD levels for roles spanning software, hardware, as well as product management and technical sales.
Career Tips: To land a role at IBM Quantum, build a strong foundation in quantum information science. Advanced degrees (PhD in physics, computer science, or related fields) are common for research roles, though some engineering and developer positions hire at MSc or BSc level given relevant experience. Gaining experience with Qiskit and IBM’s quantum cloud is highly recommended, e.g. contribute to Qiskit open-source projects or earn an IBM Quantum Developer Certification. IBM runs well-known internship programs (such as the IBM Quantum summer internships and the QURIP program with Princeton) that are gateways to full-time roles. Demonstrating both technical expertise and involvement in the quantum computing community (hackathons, research publications, or IBM’s Quantum Challenges) will strengthen your application.
Google Quantum AI (United States)
Background & Focus: Google’s Quantum AI division is committed to building a large-scale quantum computer using superconducting qubits, employing a full-stack approach from hardware to algorithms. Google is also exploring how quantum computing can accelerate AI and solve complex problems. Its efforts span quantum processor design, control electronics, and software tools like the open-source Cirq framework.
Notable Achievements: Google made headlines in 2019 by achieving quantum supremacy: its 53-qubit Sycamore processor performed a random circuit computation in ~200 seconds, a task estimated to take the fastest supercomputer 10,000 years. In 2024, Google announced Willow, a 105-qubit chip that marked a major breakthrough in reducing error rates through quantum error correction techniques. This progress bolstered confidence in Google’s roadmap to build a useful fault-tolerant machine. Google is aiming for a million-qubit quantum computer by the end of the decade, leveraging advances in materials, chip design, and theoretical research.
Key Roles: Google hires Research Scientists (typically PhDs) to work on quantum algorithms, error correction, and hardware research (e.g. quantum characterization and cryophysics). There are Quantum Hardware Engineers focusing on fabricating qubits, designing cryogenic microwave circuits, and scaling up control systems. Google also offers roles for Quantum Software Engineers who develop software infrastructure (like Cirq and quantum compilers) and interface with Google’s cloud services. Additionally, some roles focus on quantum applications in AI/ML, requiring a mix of quantum physics and machine learning expertise.
Career Tips: Landing a role at Google Quantum AI usually requires a strong research record or specialized engineering skillset. A PhD in quantum computing, condensed matter physics, or a related field is often expected for research positions. Publishing in top journals or achieving notable results in quantum computing (for example, through academic projects) will make you stand out. For software-oriented roles, demonstrate excellence in software engineering along with familiarity in quantum computing (contributions to Cirq or other quantum open-source projects can help). Google also offers internships in its Quantum AI team, securing one is highly competitive but can lead to a full-time role. Networking with Google researchers (e.g. at academic conferences) and applying for the Google Quantum PhD Fellowship (if you’re a student) are other avenues to get on their radar.
Microsoft Quantum (United States)
Background & Focus: Microsoft’s quantum program is known for pursuing topological qubits as a pathway to robust quantum computers, while also providing a cloud ecosystem via Azure Quantum. Microsoft takes a full-stack view: it is researching novel qubit designs, building the cryogenic and control hardware, and developing software like the Q# programming language and Azure Quantum services that tie everything together.
Notable Achievements: In early 2025, Microsoft announced a prototype chip using Majorana nanowires, a topological approach to qubits, marking progress toward creating reliable qubits with protected quantum states. This topological qubit research, although challenging, is aimed at achieving scalable and stable quantum computation. In parallel, Microsoft has set the ambitious goal of building a quantum supercomputer within ~10 years, underlining its commitment to long-term quantum R&D. On the software side, Microsoft’s Quantum Development Kit (QDK) and Q# language have been significant, and Azure Quantum has integrated quantum hardware from partners, enabling a broad user base to experiment with quantum solutions on the cloud.
Key Roles: Microsoft hires Quantum Researchers (with backgrounds in physics, mathematics, or computer science) to work on everything from quantum error correction theory to materials for topological qubits. It also employs Quantum Hardware Engineers, specialists in nanofabrication, cryo-electronics, and device physics, to create and test qubit chips and the associated control circuitry. On the software side, Quantum Software Engineers and Program Managers build out the Azure Quantum cloud platform, Q# language, compilers, and tools to make quantum programming accessible. There are also roles for Quantum Architects who bridge hardware and software, ensuring the full stack functions cohesively.
Career Tips: A PhD is typically required for research scientist roles (e.g., in quantum physics for hardware research or in computer science for quantum algorithms). Demonstrable expertise in Microsoft’s areas of interest, experience in topological matter, quantum error correction, or developing quantum software, is crucial. To prepare, one might contribute to the open-source Q# libraries or Quantum Katas, or participate in Azure Quantum competitions/challenges that Microsoft hosts. Microsoft Quantum has internship programs (research internships for graduate students and quantum programming internships), which are a prime entry point. Highlighting teamwork and interdisciplinary skills is important, as Microsoft’s quantum team is highly collaborative (spanning physicists and engineers). Lastly, familiarity with cloud technologies and classical software development (since Azure Quantum blends quantum with classical cloud resources) can give candidates an edge.
Amazon Braket and AWS Quantum (United States)
Background & Focus: Amazon approaches quantum computing primarily through AWS Braket, a cloud service that offers access to various quantum hardware platforms. In addition, Amazon has a dedicated AWS Center for Quantum Computing (in partnership with Caltech) where it is researching quantum hardware and error-corrected quantum architectures. Amazon’s focus is two-fold: supporting near-term quantum exploration via cloud services, and innovating in quantum hardware behind the scenes (e.g., exploring superconducting qubits and alternate architectures for a future fault-tolerant machine).
Notable Achievements: In 2019, Amazon launched Braket as a unified platform where users can run algorithms on quantum devices from multiple providers (IonQ, Rigetti, D-Wave, etc.), demonstrating Amazon’s commitment to democratizing quantum R&D. On the hardware front, Amazon revealed in 2025 a custom quantum processor nicknamed Ocelot. This chip uses a cat-qubit architecture to significantly reduce error-correction overhead (up to 90% reduction in resources needed). Ocelot was developed by the AWS Center for Quantum Computing and represents a breakthrough toward Amazon’s goal of building a fault-tolerant quantum computer. Amazon has also been forging partnerships (e.g., with academic institutions and national labs) and funding quantum research through programs like the AWS Quantum Solutions Lab.
Key Roles: At Amazon, one finds Quantum Research Scientists who work on hardware development (e.g., superconducting qubit design, cryogenics, quantum error correction algorithms). There are Quantum Hardware Engineers focusing on building and testing experimental quantum devices in Amazon’s labs. On the customer-facing side, Amazon hires Software Engineers and Solutions Architects for AWS Braket; these roles involve building the cloud infrastructure, SDKs, and helping enterprise customers formulate quantum computing use cases. Additionally, Applied Scientists (often with PhDs) work on quantum algorithms and applications, bridging the gap between what current quantum hardware can do and real-world problems.
Career Tips: For Amazon’s quantum hardware roles, a PhD in physics, EE, or a related field with hands-on experimental experience is typically needed. Demonstrating expertise in quantum error correction or in a specific hardware platform (e.g., superconducting circuits or photonics) will align well with Amazon’s research focus. For roles on AWS Braket and quantum software, strong software engineering skills plus knowledge of quantum computing are key, contributing to open-source quantum projects or developing quantum software prototypes can showcase this. Familiarity with AWS cloud technologies is also beneficial for those roles. Amazon recruits through standard job postings, but networking at quantum industry events or participating in Amazon’s quantum internships (if available) can help. Emphasize your ability to work on practical, customer-focused solutions in quantum computing; Amazon values translating quantum tech into value for end-users.
Intel Quantum Computing (United States)
Background & Focus: Intel brings its semiconductor might to quantum computing, focusing on silicon-based spin qubits as well as superconducting qubits, with an eye toward mass manufacturability. Intel’s approach leverages its expertise in silicon fabrication to create quantum chips that can ultimately be produced at scale. The company also works on supporting technologies like cryogenic control chips (e.g., “Horse Ridge”) to manage qubits, aiming for an integrated quantum computing platform that aligns with classical computing infrastructures.
Notable Achievements: Intel has been pursuing two hardware lines: it demonstrated a 49-qubit superconducting test chip (code-named Tangle Lake) in 2018, and more recently has concentrated on silicon spin qubits which operate on quantum states of single electrons in semiconductor devices. In June 2023, Intel unveiled Tunnel Falls, a 12-qubit silicon spin-qubit chip, providing a test-bed for researchers to advance solid-state qubit control. Intel has also showcased a cryogenic control SoC that can operate at extremely low temperatures to reduce complexity in controlling qubits. While Intel’s qubit counts are currently lower than some competitors, its aim is scalability; using industrial fabrication processes to eventually pack more qubits into stable arrays. Ongoing collaborations (like with QuTech in the Netherlands) have kept Intel a significant player in quantum hardware research.
Key Roles: Intel hires Quantum Hardware Research Scientists who explore novel qubit devices (often with a background in condensed matter physics or quantum electronics) and Quantum Engineers who work on chip fabrication and testing. There are roles for Cryogenic Electrical Engineers developing control hardware (integrated circuits that work at millikelvin temperatures). Intel also employs Quantum Software/Algorithm specialists to devise ways of optimizing computations for the qubits’ capabilities (often in conjunction with its research partners). Many roles are within Intel’s research labs, bridging academia and industry.
Career Tips: For a quantum role at Intel, a strong background in semiconductor physics, nanofabrication, or quantum engineering is crucial, typically through a PhD or significant research experience. Highlight any hands-on work with quantum devices (fabricating qubit devices, working in a cleanroom, or cryogenic microwave experiments). Intel often collaborates with universities, so engaging in joint academic-industry research projects or internships (e.g., through Intel’s internship programs at Intel Labs) can be a foot in the door. Because Intel values transitioning quantum tech to manufacturable solutions, familiarity with VLSI design, classical IC design, or testing methodologies can set you apart. Show that you are not only capable of theoretical insight but also of working within a large engineering team to solve practical problems (yield, noise reduction, etc.) in quantum hardware.
D-Wave Systems (Canada)
Background & Focus: D-Wave, based in Canada, was the first company to sell a quantum computer and has carved out a unique niche with its quantum annealing technology. Unlike gate-based quantum computers, D-Wave’s machines are designed to solve optimization and sampling problems by finding low-energy states of a physical system. D-Wave is also now exploring gate-model quantum computing, but its primary focus remains on its annealers and making them useful for real-world applications.
Notable Achievements: D-Wave has released several generations of quantum annealers. In 2020, it launched the Advantage system with over 5,000 qubits and a 15-way connectivity graph, a significant leap in scale and connectivity for annealing processors. (It’s worth noting that annealing qubits are not directly comparable to gate-model qubits, but 5,000+ represents a vast, specialized computational space for optimization problems.) In March 2025, D-Wave announced a major milestone: it demonstrated a form of quantum advantage on a practical problem, successfully simulating a complex magnetic material using its quantum annealer in minutes, a task estimated to take classical supercomputers nearly one million years. This result, if verified, is one of the first claims of quantum supremacy for a useful problem, underscoring the power of D-Wave’s approach. D-Wave also offers the Leap cloud service and an open-source Ocean SDK, enabling hybrid quantum-classical algorithms and making their technology accessible to developers.
Key Roles: At D-Wave, Quantum Physicists and Cryogenic Engineers work on the heart of the processor; superconducting qubits and the dilution refrigerators that keep them at ~10 millikelvin. Chip Designers (with VLSI and microwave expertise) design the qubit circuits and interconnects. There are also Software Engineers focused on the Ocean SDK and problem-solving frameworks (developing tools to map customer problems onto the quantum annealer). Additionally, Application Scientists/Analysts with backgrounds in operations research or machine learning work with clients to formulate and solve optimization problems using D-Wave’s systems.
Career Tips: A strong physics or engineering background is a must. Many at D-Wave have PhDs in superconducting physics, cryogenics, or a related area. If you’re targeting hardware roles, highlight experience in low-temperature physics, superconducting circuits, or analog electronics. For software roles, demonstrate familiarity with optimization algorithms (e.g., Ising models, quantum annealing concepts) and experience using D-Wave’s Ocean tools or other combinatorial optimization software. D-Wave being a pioneer means they value practical problem-solving skills, contributing to open-source projects for quantum annealing or participating in hackathons/contests (like the annual Quantum Cup) using D-Wave’s cloud service can showcase your interest. The company has hired interns and co-op students (especially via Canadian universities), so pursuing research or internships in quantum computing in Canada can be an effective route to a job offer.
IonQ (United States)
Background & Focus: IonQ is a U.S. quantum computing company (spun out of University of Maryland and Duke University research) that specializes in trapped-ion quantum computers. Trapped-ion systems use ions (charged atoms) as qubits, confined and manipulated with lasers. IonQ’s approach yields qubits with long coherence times and all-to-all connectivity, making them very powerful on a per-qubit basis. The company’s goal is to build scalable, high-fidelity quantum hardware and make it available via the cloud.
Notable Achievements: IonQ has steadily improved its ion-trap systems over the years. It has developed models such as IonQ Harmony and IonQ Aria, and in 2023 it unveiled a system called IonQ Forte with 36 qubits. Forte demonstrated full connectivity among qubits and high gate fidelities, highlighting the scalability potential of IonQ’s architecture. IonQ’s machines have set records in metrics like quantum volume for ion-trap devices. In late 2021, IonQ became the first pure-play quantum computing company to go public (via a SPAC merger) and subsequently listed on the NYSE. IonQ has also partnered to make its hardware accessible on all major cloud platforms (Amazon Braket, Microsoft Azure Quantum, Google Cloud), broadening the user base for its technology. Furthermore, IonQ acquired Entangled Networks (a startup working on quantum networking), hinting at plans to network quantum computers for scaling up.
Key Roles: Quantum Hardware Engineers at IonQ (often with PhDs in AMO physics) work on trapping ions, laser optics, and vacuum systems necessary for the quantum hardware. These include roles like Optical Engineer (designing and aligning laser systems for qubit manipulation), Quantum Control Engineer (developing the RF and laser pulse sequences and control software), and Cryogenic Engineer if working on any cold aspects (though many ion traps operate at near-room temperature or moderate vacuum temperatures). IonQ also employs Quantum Software Engineers who develop firmware and software to calibrate the machine, optimize quantum gate implementations, and interface the hardware with user-facing APIs. There are Quantum Algorithm Researchers focusing on how to utilize IonQ’s machines for useful computations and benchmarking their performance.
Career Tips: To join IonQ, a strong background in atomic physics or quantum optics is highly relevant. Practical lab skills with ion traps, lasers, vacuum chambers, or related experimental setups will stand out; having built a cold-ion experiment or worked on laser stabilization in grad school. Highlight any experience with quantum control software or FPGA programming for experiment control, as IonQ’s systems require integrating hardware and software. If you’re more software/algorithm oriented, familiarity with IonQ’s API, quantum SDKs (like Qiskit, Cirq, etc.), and a solid understanding of quantum gate operations will help. IonQ is still relatively small (compared to giants), so networking via academic collaborations (with UMD, Duke or others in the ion trap community) or attending conferences in quantum optics can get you noticed. Internships at IonQ are another pathway, they have hosted interns for hardware and software projects. Showing enthusiasm for the trapped-ion approach and knowledge of IonQ’s latest achievements (such as their published technical papers or performance metrics) can make your application more compelling.
Rigetti Computing (United States)
Background & Focus: Rigetti Computing is a California-based startup that develops superconducting quantum computers and provides them through its Quantum Cloud Services platform. Founded in 2013 by a former IBM quantum engineer, Rigetti aims to deliver a full-stack solution: it designs and fabricates its own superconducting qubit chips, builds control hardware, and offers software to program the quantum processors (e.g., via its Quil programming language and Forest SDK). Rigetti’s vision is to achieve quantum advantage for practical problems by tightly integrating quantum processors with classical computing.
Notable Achievements: Rigetti was among the first startups to put a gate-model quantum computer on the cloud. It has deployed several generations of processors (named Aspen series), with recent systems on its cloud featuring 80 qubits (split across two 40-qubit chips with a multi-chip coupler). The company is now working on a next-generation 336-qubit superconducting processor called Lyra, expected to significantly boost scale and performance. Rigetti raised over $200 million in venture funding and, like IonQ, went public via a SPAC merger in 202, reflecting investor confidence in its approach. In 2025, Rigetti announced a strategic partnership with Quanta Computer (Taiwan) to co-develop its technology and invest in scaling up manufacturing, a move that underscores global collaboration in quantum hardware. While Rigetti has faced challenges in keeping error rates low as qubit count grows, it continues to innovate in chip design (e.g., exploring modular and scalable architectures) and hybrid quantum-classical computing algorithms.
Key Roles: Quantum Chip Designers / Engineers at Rigetti focus on the design and simulation of superconducting qubits and resonators (requiring knowledge of RF physics and microwave engineering). Fabrication Engineers work in Rigetti’s own fab facility to manufacture the quantum chips (experience in nanofabrication is key here). Once the chips are made, Quantum Measurement Engineers and Cryogenic Physicists test and characterize the qubits at millikelvin temperatures, performing experiments to improve coherence and gate fidelity. On the software side, Rigetti employs Quantum Software Engineers who develop the Quil compiler, cloud APIs, and error mitigation techniques to make the hardware more usable. There are also Quantum Applications Scientists who work on algorithms (in areas like chemistry or machine learning) that can run on Rigetti’s quantum/classical hybrid platform.
Career Tips: For a hardware role at Rigetti, research experience with superconducting qubits or similar microwave quantum systems is often necessary, this typically means a PhD in physics or EE focusing on quantum electronics. Emphasize any hands-on work in a quantum lab (operating a dilution refrigerator, performing qubit measurements, etc.) or designing superconducting circuits (maybe via simulation tools like Sonnet or Ansys HFSS). If you’re targeting software roles, demonstrate proficiency in classical software engineering (Python, C++ for example) and familiarity with quantum computing concepts; contribute to open-source projects (Rigetti’s pyQuil, for instance) or write your own quantum algorithms to show initiative. Rigetti has an internship program and has been involved in programs like NASA’s QCE (Quantum Computing Internship) in the past; applying to such opportunities can be a stepping stone. In interviews or your resume, show that you are excited about startup culture (wearing multiple hats) and Rigetti’s mission specifically; refer to their latest tech updates (like the 336-qubit roadmap or any recent Rigetti research publications) to illustrate that you’re up-to-date and passionate.
PsiQuantum (United States/UK)
Background & Focus: PsiQuantum is a well-funded startup (headquartered in Silicon Valley, with UK connections) that is taking a photonic approach to building a quantum computer. Its bold goal is to construct a fault-tolerant quantum computer with 1 million+ qubits by using photons (particles of light) as qubits and implementing quantum error correction at scale. PsiQuantum’s strategy involves leveraging existing semiconductor manufacturing (partnering with GlobalFoundries) to create photonic chips, and focusing on error-corrected architectures from the outset, rather than NISQ (noisy intermediate-scale quantum) devices.
Notable Achievements: Unlike many companies that publicize intermediate devices, PsiQuantum has kept its prototype development mostly under wraps, emphasizing long-term milestones. In February 2025, it announced Omega, a quantum photonic chipset manufactured at GlobalFoundries’ New York facility; a significant step showing that its photonic qubits can be made using conventional chip fab processes. PsiQuantum has demonstrated basic quantum operations with single photons and is presumably working on integrating thousands of photonic components on a chip. On the business side, PsiQuantum has attracted one of the largest investments in the industry: a $450M Series D funding in 2021 and reports of a new round of roughly $600–750M in progress, giving it an impressive multibillion-dollar valuation. This funding underlines the confidence in its approach. The company’s co-founders are noted academics, and PsiQuantum also collaborates with research institutions on photonic quantum technologies and error correction code development.
Key Roles: PsiQuantum’s mission requires Photonics Engineers and Quantum Optical Scientists to design the photonic circuits (waveguides, beam splitters, single-photon sources, detectors, etc.) that make up their qubit systems. There are roles for Quantum Error Correction Scientists who develop the protocols and software for encoding logical qubits across many physical photonic qubits; a crucial part of PsiQuantum’s strategy. Nanofabrication Engineers and device physicists work with GlobalFoundries and in-house to realize the photonic chips in hardware. Additionally, Quantum Software Engineers at PsiQuantum focus on simulation tools for their architecture and on developing high-level algorithms that their eventual computer will run (ensuring the design will meet computational goals).
Career Tips: PsiQuantum looks for specialists at the top of their fields; many roles require a PhD and deep expertise in, say, photonic circuit design, single-photon detectors, or error-correcting codes. If you aim to join, build a profile with relevant research: for example, work on photonic quantum computing in graduate school or contribute to academic publications on optical quantum technologies. Skills in silicon photonics or integrated optics are particularly valuable, since PsiQuantum uses silicon photonic chips. Because of the complexity of a million-qubit goal, demonstrate that you understand scalable architectures and have a systems engineering mindset. The company’s culture is very R&D heavy, so showcasing innovative thinking (perhaps by proposing a novel solution or by having done a postdoc in a world-class lab) can help. Keep an eye out for any fellowship or internship programs PsiQuantum might offer, even if rare, any opportunity to intern or collaborate with them could lead to a role. Finally, networking with PsiQuantum’s scientists at conferences (e.g., APS, Photonics Society meetings) and discussing their latest public announcements (like the Omega chip) intelligently will show your enthusiasm and knowledge.
Xanadu (Canada)
Background & Focus: Xanadu is a Toronto-based startup focusing on photonic quantum computing and quantum machine learning. It is unique for using light (photons) that propagate through optical circuits at room temperature as qubits, which potentially offers benefits in scalability and integration (since photonic chips can leverage telecom and silicon photonics tech). Xanadu is also known for its software platform; it developed PennyLane, a leading library for quantum machine learning and hybrid quantum-classical computation.
Notable Achievements: In June 2022, Xanadu achieved a significant milestone by demonstrating quantum computational advantage with its device Borealis. Borealis is a photonic quantum computer that performed Gaussian boson sampling using 216 squeezed-state qubits (modes) of light, an experiment that was effectively impossible for classical supercomputers. This placed Xanadu alongside Google and USTC in the small club of teams that have shown a clear quantum advantage. More recently, in January 2025 Xanadu announced Aurora, described as the world’s first modular and networked photonic quantum computer. Aurora connects multiple photonic chips with 13 kilometers of optical fiber, demonstrating a 12-qubit entangled system spread across four racks; a stepping stone toward scaling up via networking quantum modules. These achievements, plus Xanadu’s continual improvements in photonic components (e.g., better squeezers and detectors), position it as a frontrunner in photonic quantum hardware. On the software side, Xanadu’s PennyLane library has become widely used in academia and industry for designing quantum algorithms, particularly variational algorithms and quantum machine learning applications, fostering a large community around Xanadu’s tools.
Key Roles: Quantum Photonics Engineers at Xanadu design and build the optical circuits, this includes working with lasers, non-linear optical materials (for squeezing light), and single-photon detectors. There are Research Scientists focusing on quantum algorithms and applications, often with an emphasis on quantum machine learning and how to run such algorithms on photonic hardware. The company also employs Software Developers/Engineers to maintain and expand PennyLane and other software (these roles require strong programming skills and an understanding of quantum computing theory). Additionally, Quantum Experimental Physicists work on integrating the photonic components, calibrating the system, and running experiments to push the technology’s limits.
Career Tips: For hardware roles, a graduate degree in physics or engineering with a specialization in optics or photonics is typically needed. Hands-on experience with optical experiments (building interferometers, working with entangled photons, etc.) or with photonic chip fabrication will make you a strong candidate. If you’re aiming for a software or applications role, contributing to PennyLane or writing plugins/tutorials for it is a great way to demonstrate interest and skill; since PennyLane is open-source, Xanadu definitely notices active community contributors. Xanadu often engages with the community via hackathons and its Xanadu Quantum Codebook (an interactive learning platform); excelling in those forums can put you on their radar. They do offer internships and co-op positions, which commonly involve working on either photonic experiments or software projects. Show that you are innovative and can thrive in a startup environment by perhaps discussing a project where you built something new (hardware or software). Being conversant with both the photonic hardware side and the machine-learning applications side is a bonus, as Xanadu’s ethos bridges those two worlds.
Europe
Quantinuum (United Kingdom/United States)
Background & Focus: Quantinuum was formed in 2021 from the merger of Cambridge Quantum (a UK quantum software firm) and Honeywell Quantum Solutions (the US-based hardware division of Honeywell). Now operating as one company, Quantinuum is one of the largest integrated quantum computing firms globally. It focuses on trapped-ion quantum computers (a hardware specialty inherited from Honeywell) and on a suite of quantum software and applications (inherited from Cambridge Quantum’s expertise in areas like quantum chemistry, cryptography, and compilers). This full-stack capability means Quantinuum works on everything from building high-fidelity qubit hardware to developing algorithms and tools (like the TKET compiler).
Notable Achievements: On the hardware side, Quantinuum continued Honeywell’s record-setting trajectory with the H-Series ion-trap systems. Honeywell’s Model H1, first unveiled with 10 qubits, was later upgraded to 20 qubits with all-to-all connectivity, and achieved a Quantum Volume of 4096, at the time a record in the industry. Quantinuum’s second-generation system, Model H2, features a novel racetrack ion trap architecture with 32-64 qubits (expandable) and recently demonstrated an enormous quantum volume of over 2 million, reflecting extremely low error rates. Notably, Quantinuum achieved two-qubit gate fidelities of 99.9%, or “three nines,” in its devices, an important threshold for error-corrected computing. On the software side, Cambridge Quantum (now Quantinuum) is known for its TKET software toolkit and for developing one of the first quantum random number generators that met industry standards. In April 2024, Quantinuum (with Microsoft) announced a breakthrough in quantum error correction, showing that they could successfully implement and verify key protocols towards fault-tolerant quantum operations on real hardware. Quantinuum’s balanced achievements in both hardware performance and useful software (e.g., its quantum chemistry platform, and IronBridge for quantum cryptography) demonstrate its strength as a full-stack company.
Key Roles: Given its dual heritage, Quantinuum offers a wide variety of roles. Ion-Trap Quantum Engineers and Experimental Physicists work on the hardware: trapping ions, designing new trap architectures, improving laser-based gate operations, and scaling up the number of qubits. These roles often require a PhD in AMO physics. There are Quantum Software Developers who work on the TKET compiler, error correction software, and applications; these roles might suit those with computer science or math backgrounds (often with a master’s or PhD, plus knowledge of quantum computing). Quantum Algorithm and Application Researchers (e.g., quantum chemists, cryptographers) develop algorithms to run on Quantinuum’s machines and often collaborate with industry partners to solve domain-specific problems. Additionally, because Quantinuum is sizable, it has roles in product management, cloud service development (for offering its systems via cloud), and outreach (like developer relations and education to support its users).
Career Tips: For a hardware role, build expertise in trapped-ion technology or related experimental physics. Experience with ultra-high vacuum systems, laser optics, and ion trapping during your graduate research will align well. If you’re targeting the software or algorithms side, get comfortable with quantum SDKs and tools, becoming proficient in TKET (it’s available open-source to some extent) or working on quantum chemistry algorithms, for instance, will be useful. Quantinuum often collaborates with universities (they have research partnerships and sponsor fellowships), so pursuing a PhD or postdoc with one of their collaborators (or applying for a Quantinuum-sponsored internship/fellowship) can be a pathway in. Emphasize interdisciplinary skills: since the company merges hardware and software teams, an ability to communicate across domains is valued. Show familiarity with their achievements; you could discuss the implications of their 99.9% fidelity or how error correction might evolve on their next-gen systems. Finally, because Quantinuum has global teams (UK, US, and beyond), being open to roles in different locations and demonstrating a collaborative spirit can increase your chances.
Pasqal (France)
Background & Focus: Pasqal is a French quantum computing startup founded in 2019 that is developing quantum computers based on neutral atoms. The atoms (often rubidium) are trapped in arrays using optical tweezers and manipulated with laser pulses to implement quantum gates or analog Hamiltonian simulations. Pasqal is a full-stack company: it not only builds hardware, but also designs algorithms especially suited for its neutral-atom processors, targeting applications in quantum simulation, optimization, and machine learning. The company emerged from research at Institut d’Optique in Paris, and notably one of its co-founders is physicist Alain Aspect (Nobel Prize in 2022), whose work on cold atoms and quantum physics underpins Pasqal’s technology.
Notable Achievements: Pasqal has demonstrated the ability to control fairly large ensembles of atoms, on the order of 100+ atoms, arranged in 2D and 3D configurations. These can operate as quantum simulators, tackling problems like modeling material properties or solving mathematical optimization by adiabatic evolution. It is also working on gate-model quantum computing using Rydberg atom interactions (exciting atoms to high-energy states to make them interact). In February 2023, Pasqal raised a €100 million Series B funding round, one of the largest in Europe’s quantum sector, with investors including Temasek and the European Innovation Council Fund. This funding is fueling the development of its next-generation processors and expansion of its software team. Pasqal has reported successful implementation of algorithms for data analysis and physics simulation on their 100-atom quantum platform, and it has partnerships with industries (for example, a project with Crédit Agricole for financial applications). With Pasqal’s merger with another startup (Qu&Co, a quantum software firm) in early 2022, it also gained strong in-house algorithm expertise. All these strides position Pasqal as a leader in neutral-atom quantum computing globally.
Key Roles: Quantum Hardware Physicists at Pasqal focus on the optical trapping and control of atoms. This includes Laser Engineers (experts in laser systems, nonlinear optics for creating the tweezer arrays and controlling qubit states) and AMO Physicists (with PhDs in atomic physics) who work on improving coherence times and implementing multi-atom entanglement. On the software side, Pasqal employs Quantum Algorithm Developers who tailor algorithms to the strengths of neutral-atom processors (for example, quantum approximate optimization algorithms, quantum simulation of physics/chemistry problems). There are also roles for Software Engineers to develop the control software and cloud interface for Pasqal’s machines (ensuring external users can submit jobs, etc.). Given Pasqal’s growth, it may also have Quantum Application Scientists liaisons working with clients to solve specific problems (in finance, aerospace, etc.) using Pasqal’s hardware.
Career Tips: If you aim for a technical role at Pasqal, a relevant PhD (in atomic physics, quantum optics, etc.) is highly advantageous. Direct experience with neutral atoms or Rydberg physics (e.g., working in a lab that demonstrated Rydberg gates or optical tweezer arrays) will make you stand out strongly. For algorithm roles, having a background in quantum computing theory and a portfolio of projects or publications in quantum algorithms helps, pay special attention to variational algorithms, as those are often practical for near-term devices like Pasqal’s. Being in Europe, Pasqal often engages with EU quantum initiatives; participating in EU-sponsored quantum networks or hackathons can increase visibility. Language is generally not a barrier as English is the working language for many of these companies, but being open to relocating to Paris or Massy (where Pasqal is based) is important. In your application or interview, you might mention understanding the dual nature of Pasqal’s approach (analog and digital) and be enthusiastic about their neutral-atom tech; showing that you’ve followed their research (e.g., their published results or press releases) signals genuine interest.
IQM (Finland)
Background & Focus: IQM is a leading European startup (founded in 2018 as a spinout from Aalto University and VTT in Finland) that builds superconducting quantum computers. IQM’s approach is notable for its focus on delivering quantum computers to research centers and industry on-premises, rather than only via the cloud. This means IQM often co-designs quantum processors for specific applications (they call this “application-specific” quantum computing), and they collaborate closely with customers to tailor solutions. They also drive national initiatives, like building Finland’s first quantum computer. IQM’s work spans hardware (qubit chip fabrication, cryo-engineering) and the software needed to operate and utilize those quantum processors.
Notable Achievements: IQM has assembled one of Europe’s top quantum hardware teams and established a fabrication facility in Finland. In 2020, it secured an initial €39M in funding and was later selected to lead Finland’s quantum computer project. By 2022, IQM raised an additional €128M in Series A2 funding, at that time, the largest funding round for a European quantum startup, underscoring its momentum. Technically, IQM delivered a 5-qubit system to VTT as Finland’s first quantum computer (a milestone towards larger devices). It is developing a 54-qubit device as part of an EU project and working on innovative chip architectures that integrate quantum and classical elements. IQM also announced it is co-designing quantum algorithms with partners in areas like healthcare (for better MRI imaging techniques) and climate (for energy grid optimization), aligning hardware development with real-world use cases. Another achievement is its involvement in the German quantum computer initiative: IQM’s technology is being used to build quantum systems in Germany, leveraging the company’s European-centric growth strategy.
Key Roles: Superconducting Qubit Physicists are central at IQM they design qubits, resonators, and perform measurements to tune and characterize them. A lot of these roles require understanding microwave engineering and quantum physics at low temperatures. Fabrication Engineers (with nanofabrication or cleanroom experience) produce the quantum chips. IQM also has Quantum Software Engineers who develop the firmware and software stack that runs the quantum processors (for example, qubit control sequences, calibration routines, and the user interface for clients). There are Quantum Application Specialists at IQM who work on specific verticals. For instance, if co-designing a machine for quantum chemistry, someone with a chemical physics background might work on that integration. As IQM often works directly with customer teams, Field Application Engineers or Project Managers coordinate those collaborations, ensuring the delivered hardware meets the needs of the use-case.
Career Tips: Joining IQM often requires strong technical expertise; a Master’s or PhD in a field like quantum physics, cryogenics, or microfabrication will be very helpful. If you have lab experience building or operating a superconducting qubit setup (or at least a dilution refrigerator and related RF control), make sure to highlight that. Since IQM values application-focused design, showing that you understand both quantum hardware and the potential applications is a plus, for example, maybe you did a project on using a quantum computer for a machine learning task, illustrating that dual insight. Given IQM’s European identity, involvement in the EU quantum community is beneficial: attending the European Quantum Week, joining the Quantum Flagship educational programs, or even participating in IQM’s open tech challenges (if they host any) can get you noticed. Culturally, IQM has hubs in Finland, Germany, Spain, and elsewhere; being flexible with location and demonstrating an ability to work in an international team will help. Lastly, emphasize a collaborative mindset, IQM frequently partners with academic and industrial consortia, so teamwork and communication skills are very important.
Oxford Quantum Circuits (United Kingdom)
Background & Focus: Oxford Quantum Circuits (OQC) is a UK-based startup building superconducting quantum computers. OQC’s distinguishing feature is its patented 3D architecture for superconducting qubits, called the “Coaxmon”, which routes control wiring in a way that aims to improve qubit coherence and scalability. OQC’s business model focuses on providing quantum computing access via the cloud; in fact, OQC was the first European quantum hardware startup to have its quantum processor accessible on Amazon Braket (Amazon’s quantum cloud). This was a significant step putting Europe on the quantum cloud map. OQC is effectively the UK’s flagship quantum computing startup, working to compete with larger US players by innovating in hardware design and offering ready-to-use quantum systems.
Notable Achievements: In December 2021, OQC launched its 8-qubit quantum processor named Lucy on AWS Braket, which made it the first European quantum computer available on a public cloud platform. This allowed users worldwide to run quantum circuits on OQC’s hardware. The Coaxmon qubit design that OQC employs is touted to reduce cross-talk and interference between qubits, potentially enabling more qubits to be packed on a chip without sacrificing performance. OQC has also raised substantial funding (over £38 million by 2022) to scale up its machines. The company has reported achieving stable operations of their qubits with competitive coherence times, and they’re in the process of developing second-generation chips with higher qubit counts (with plans announced for 16 and 32 qubit devices, for instance). OQC has partnerships with research institutions and clients in finance and pharma to explore quantum solutions, indicating that alongside technology development, it’s also building a user base and ecosystem around its machines. Being a smaller outfit than some global competitors, each of OQC’s milestones, from technological (new qubit designs) to commercial (delivering quantum computing as a service), has been a notable proof of the UK’s growing role in quantum computing.
Key Roles: OQC hires Quantum Hardware Engineers (often with PhDs in physics or EE) to design superconducting qubits and resonator circuits; this involves electromagnetic simulations, chip layout design, and working closely with fabrication partners. Experimental Quantum Engineers work on cryogenic setups to deploy these chips, test their coherence and fidelity, and iterate on improvements; they handle microwave equipment and high-speed electronics to control the qubits. There are Software Engineers at OQC who develop the cloud interface, scheduling system, and user APIs that allow clients to run jobs on the quantum processor (so skills in cloud computing and Python, plus some quantum knowledge, are used here). Additionally, because OQC works with external customers, Quantum Solutions Consultants or Application Scientists might help clients map problems to OQC’s hardware, meaning a role for people who understand quantum algorithms and specific industry problems.
Career Tips: If you’re targeting OQC, a relevant advanced degree or equivalent experience is important. Since OQC’s focus is superconducting qubits, having experience with that technology (even if at a university lab) will be a big plus. Highlight practical skills like operating a dilution refrigerator, qubit fabrication techniques, or quantum circuit simulation. For more software-focused roles, show that you can build complex systems (cloud services, APIs) and that you understand the workflow of running experiments on quantum hardware. Being a startup, OQC values versatility; you might mention times you’ve worn multiple hats in projects or contributed to both hardware and software aspects. Because OQC is UK-based, there are opportunities to engage via UK quantum networks (for example, attending events by the UK National Quantum Technologies Programme or hackathons hosted by the Quantum Computing and Simulation Hub). Engaging with those can increase your visibility. When interviewing or networking, expressing your enthusiasm for helping build a sovereign quantum capability in the UK, and referencing OQC’s milestones like the AWS Braket deployment, can underline your interest in their mission.
Other notable European startups: In addition to the above, Europe’s quantum landscape includes companies like Alice & Bob (France, developing “cat qubits” for better error correction), Quandela (France, photonic quantum computing), and Quantum Motion (UK, silicon-based qubits), among others. These companies also offer roles similar to the hardware/software divisions described, contributing to a vibrant quantum ecosystem across Europe.
Asia-Pacific
Baidu Quantum (China)
Background & Focus: Baidu, known as China’s internet search giant, has an active quantum computing research division (Institute for Quantum Computing) pursuing both quantum hardware and software. Baidu’s efforts are part of China’s national push in quantum tech. The company is focusing on superconducting quantum computers and has also developed a cloud platform to make quantum hardware accessible. In typical Baidu fashion, there’s also emphasis on the intersection of quantum computing with AI (quantum machine learning), aligning with Baidu’s broader AI-centric strategy.
Notable Achievements: In August 2022, Baidu unveiled its first quantum computer, a 10-qubit superconducting machine named "Qianshi". Qianshi was made available to external users via Baidu’s cloud, signaling Baidu’s entry into offering quantum computing as a service. Alongside this, Baidu announced it had developed a 36-qubit superconducting chip in the lab, indicating a roadmap to increase qubit count. Baidu also launched "Liang Xi", an integrated software platform on the cloud that allows developers to write quantum algorithms and run them on various quantum hardware (not unlike AWS Braket, but for Baidu’s ecosystem). Another achievement on the software side is Baidu’s development of quantum machine learning toolkits and algorithms; leveraging its strength in AI, Baidu has published work on how quantum computing could improve recommendation systems or other AI tasks in the future. While Baidu’s hardware is still moderate in size compared to Western counterparts, its quick progress from zero to an operational 10-qubit system in a short time demonstrates significant investment and commitment. Baidu is effectively laying the groundwork to be a major player in quantum cloud services in China, analogous to the role of AWS or IBM in the West.
Key Roles: Within Baidu’s quantum initiative, Quantum Hardware Researchers work on the superconducting qubit development. These roles likely involve chip design (RF engineering, materials science for qubits) and running dilution refrigerator experiments (measuring qubit performance). Cryogenic Engineers and Microwave Engineers would similarly support the hardware effort. Baidu also employs Quantum Algorithm Researchers, often tasked with exploring quantum algorithms relevant to Baidu’s core business (like search, AI, data analysis); these roles require a strong math/CS background in addition to quantum knowledge. On the software side, Quantum Software Engineers develop and maintain Baidu’s quantum programming platform (writing frameworks, simulators, and cloud integration code). There may also be Quantum AI Researchers who specifically focus on how quantum computing can enhance machine learning tasks.
Career Tips: To work at Baidu Quantum, having a strong academic background is usually a must, many team members have PhDs from top Chinese or international programs. If you are aiming for hardware roles, getting experience in a superconducting qubit lab (through a graduate program or at one of the Chinese national labs) will be invaluable. Skills in cryogenics and microwave measurements should be highlighted. For software roles, demonstrating proficiency in software engineering (Python, C++ etc.) plus familiarity with quantum SDKs (like Qiskit, or Baidu’s own platform if you can access it) will be important. Since Baidu operates in a Chinese context, Mandarin language skills and understanding of the local research culture can be important for day-to-day work (though not always strictly required, it helps significantly). Baidu has been known to collaborate with universities (like Tsinghua or CAS institutes) on joint programs; joining those labs or getting an internship through such connections can lead to a role. Emphasize any projects at the intersection of AI and quantum, as Baidu will value talent that understands how quantum can impact machine learning, given their company-wide AI focus. Lastly, showing familiarity with Baidu’s quantum milestones (like referencing the Qianshi computer or their quantum papers) in your interview can demonstrate genuine interest and preparation.
Fujitsu & RIKEN (Japan)
Background & Focus: Fujitsu is a major Japanese ICT company that, among many technology ventures, has a quantum computing development program in collaboration with RIKEN (Japan’s leading research institute). Fujitsu historically invested in quantum-inspired computing (digital annealers), but more recently it’s directly involved in building superconducting quantum hardware. The partnership with RIKEN’s Center for Quantum Computing means Fujitsu contributes engineering expertise and resources, while RIKEN provides deep scientific know-how, with the joint goal of developing Japan’s own quantum computing capability. The focus here is on superconducting qubits, similar to IBM/Google’s approach.
Notable Achievements: In April 2025, Fujitsu and RIKEN announced that they had developed a 256-qubit superconducting quantum computer, which is a significant leap for Japan. This followed a prior 64-qubit prototype revealed in 2023, indicating rapid progress in scaling up. The 256-qubit system puts Japan in the higher tier of qubit counts achieved internationally, and presumably the team is working on improving its coherence and gate fidelity. Fujitsu has also worked on the software side, creating a quantum computing software platform that can run on both actual quantum hardware and simulate quantum algorithms on classical supercomputers (leveraging Fujitsu’s strengths in high-performance computing). They have demonstrated certain quantum algorithms (like chemistry simulations) on their prototype machines. Additionally, Fujitsu’s earlier work on the Digital Annealer (a specialized classical hardware for solving optimization problems using quantum-inspired methods) has been integrated with its quantum computing research to offer comprehensive solutions. RIKEN, for its part, has contributed key scientific breakthroughs (like advanced error mitigation techniques) to this joint effort. With heavy government backing, the Fujitsu-RIKEN system is expected to become available to researchers and enterprises in Japan, fostering a homegrown ecosystem.
Key Roles: Many roles in this joint project are research-heavy. Quantum Hardware Scientists (likely employed either by RIKEN or seconded to Fujitsu) design and test the superconducting qubit chips; these individuals often have PhDs in physics and experience with nanofabrication and cryogenic measurement. Microwave Engineers at Fujitsu help develop the control electronics and high-frequency components to manipulate and read out the qubits. There are System Integration Engineers who work on linking the quantum hardware with classical computing infrastructure (for example, integrating the control system with Fujitsu’s classical supercomputers for hybrid computing workflows). On the software front, Quantum Software Developers and researchers build compilers, error-correction protocols, and user interfaces for the quantum system, ensuring that end-users (like researchers or companies) can write algorithms for the Fujitsu quantum machine. Because it’s a partnership, some roles might be within RIKEN (more academic environment) and some within Fujitsu (industrial environment), but in practice the teams work closely.
Career Tips: If you’re interested in joining this effort, one pathway is through RIKEN for example, pursuing a research position or a postdoctoral fellowship at RIKEN’s Center for Quantum Computing, which often works directly on the joint project. Fluency in Japanese can be important for working at Fujitsu in Japan, though RIKEN’s research teams are quite international (English is commonly used in labs). Ensure you have a strong background in the relevant science: a PhD in superconducting qubit research, for example, or a track record in building experimental quantum setups, will be expected for a research scientist role. For more engineering-oriented roles at Fujitsu (like system or software engineers), demonstrating that you can bridge advanced technology with real-world reliability is key, Fujitsu will value people who can bring quantum tech out of the lab and into a robust system. If you have experience with HPC or classical optimization algorithms (from Fujitsu’s Digital Annealer perspective), mention that too, as it shows you understand the broader computing context. Keep an eye on any recruitment drives Fujitsu might announce as it builds out the quantum team; sometimes large companies have specific hiring programs for new strategic areas. Being involved in the academic side (publishing, attending conferences like the International Symposium on Quantum Computing in Japan) can get you noticed by the RIKEN/Fujitsu team. Lastly, emphasize your enthusiasm to contribute to Japan’s quantum initiative specifically; a sense of mission can go a long way, given the national importance of the project.
Origin Quantum (China)
Background & Focus: Origin Quantum is one of China’s first dedicated quantum computing startups, founded in Hefei. It focuses on developing superconducting quantum computers and has built out a full-stack capability including quantum chip design, control systems, and software. Origin Quantum operates in parallel with China’s academic efforts (like those at USTC); it’s essentially the commercial arm that can productize and scale the technologies emerging from China’s quantum research labs. The company’s goals include creating competitive superconducting processors and a cloud platform for quantum services, helping China achieve self-reliance in this strategic technology.
Notable Achievements: In 2023, Origin Quantum unveiled a 72-qubit superconducting processor named "Wukong", which at the time was the highest qubit count reported by a Chinese company. Wukong’s architecture includes 72 functional qubits and additional coupler qubits, and it represents a substantial engineering achievement in China’s quest for large-scale quantum hardware. The company made Wukong accessible via the cloud to both domestic and international users, and within a few months it reportedly handled hundreds of thousands of quantum computing tasks submitted by users worldwide. This open access was a strategic move to showcase capability and test the system with real use cases. While 72 qubits is still modest compared to the largest U.S. chips (IBM had announced a 127-qubit and even a 433-qubit chip by 2022–23), Wukong is a stepping stone for Chinese researchers to experiment on a home-grown platform. Origin has also developed its own quantum software stack (programming frameworks, simulators) and is involved in quantum applications research (they’ve collaborated on projects in quantum chemistry and machine learning run on their hardware). The rapid progress from founding to a multi-qubit device shows the significant support and talent behind Origin Quantum, and it complements China’s broader quantum efforts (like USTC’s record-setting experiments in quantum communication and boson sampling).
Key Roles: Quantum Chip Designers at Origin Quantum work on the layout and design of superconducting qubit circuits (requiring knowledge of superconducting physics and RF design). Microfabrication Specialists fabricate the chips, likely in cooperation with national fabs or university facilities, meaning expertise in thin-film deposition, etching, and nanofabrication is needed. Quantum Measurement Physicists perform low-temperature experiments to calibrate qubits, measure coherence times, and optimize gate fidelities. These roles require not only physics know-how but also skill with instrumentation and cryogenic systems. On the software side, Quantum Control Software Engineers develop the firmware and software to control the quantum chip (timing systems, FPGA programming, etc.), and Quantum Cloud Platform Engineers build the web interfaces and cloud management so that external users can run jobs on the quantum processors. Origin Quantum may also have Algorithm Researchers who are exploring algorithms suitable for its current devices (like small-scale QAOA or quantum machine learning demos).
Career Tips: To join Origin Quantum, having a relevant advanced degree from a top institution (inside or outside China) will greatly help, as they are dealing with cutting-edge tech. Many of their hires likely come from groups that have demonstrated superconducting qubits (USTC, Chinese Academy of Sciences IOE, etc.), so aligning yourself with those research groups via a PhD or collaboration is a good strategy. If you’re a non-Chinese applicant, note that most of the team will be Chinese and business is conducted in Mandarin, so language/cultural fluency plus a standout expertise would be necessary. Emphasize any experience you have with superconducting qubit experimentation. For example, if you worked on a similar qubit system or on quantum error correction in superconducting platforms, that’s directly relevant. Origin Quantum is also likely to appreciate familiarity with their software; if possible, try using any publicly available SDK or cloud access they provide to get hands-on experience (even just running simple circuits on Wukong via their platform could show initiative). Networking at international conferences where Origin researchers present (they occasionally publish in journals or present at conferences like APS or IEEE Quantum) can open communication lines. When discussing your interest, convey that you’re excited by the fast growth and specific achievements of China’s quantum efforts, reference Wukong’s launch or their cloud service stats to show you’ve done your homework. Lastly, show that you’re adaptable and hardworking; working in a startup in an emerging high-tech sector in China can be intense, so resilience and a can-do attitude will be highly valued.
Q-CTRL (Australia)
Background & Focus: Q-CTRL is an Australian startup (with offices in Sydney and Los Angeles) that specializes in the “quantum control” layer of quantum technology. Rather than building quantum hardware from scratch, Q-CTRL develops software and firmware solutions to make quantum hardware more stable and performant. This includes tools for error suppression, noise characterization, and optimal control of qubits. Q-CTRL’s motto is to make quantum hardware useful by getting the most out of the qubits we have. In addition, Q-CTRL has expanded into quantum sensing (using quantum devices for navigation and detection) and provides an educational platform (Black Opal) to train the next generation of quantum engineers.
Notable Achievements: Q-CTRL has demonstrated significant improvements in algorithm success rates on real quantum hardware by applying their control techniques. For example, in 2023–24, Q-CTRL showed that by using their error mitigation strategies on IBM quantum processors, they could solve quantum optimization problems that were 4× larger than previously possible on those machines, effectively pushing the boundary of what current hardware can do via better control software. This was a breakthrough indicating that clever error reduction can extend the capabilities of noisy quantum computers. In quantum sensing, Q-CTRL partnered with Australian researchers and defense projects to develop quantum-based navigation that can work even when GPS is denied; their algorithms provided up to 50× improved accuracy in sensing magnetic fields for navigation, showcasing a practical application of quantum tech. They’ve also won awards for Black Opal, their interactive learning platform, underscoring their commitment to workforce development. Q-CTRL’s client list includes major quantum hardware groups (they’ve worked with IBM, Rigetti, etc., as a software provider) and government agencies like NASA. By focusing on the control layer, Q-CTRL has become a crucial player that complements all hardware makers, essentially “Intel Inside” for quantum, but at the software level.
Key Roles: Quantum Control Engineers/Scientist roles at Q-CTRL are central; these are physicists or engineers who design algorithms to reduce errors (like dynamical decoupling sequences, optimized pulse shapes, and calibration routines). They need strong backgrounds in quantum mechanics, control theory, and often some experience with experimental systems to understand real-world noise. Quantum Software Developers implement these control solutions into software products, they write code (Python, C++) for Q-CTRL’s tools, create user-friendly interfaces, and ensure the software integrates with various hardware APIs (IBM Qiskit, etc.). There are also specialized roles in Quantum Sensing (developing algorithms for quantum accelerometers or magnetometers), which require knowledge of quantum physics as well as classical signal processing. Given Q-CTRL’s focus on education with Black Opal, they also have roles like Content Developer/Instructional Designer for quantum education; people with quantum knowledge who can create tutorials, simulations, and lessons for learners. Lastly, as a startup, some team members wear multiple hats, potentially doing research as well as engaging with customers (like acting as quantum consultants to hardware teams implementing Q-CTRL solutions).
Career Tips: If you’re aiming for a role at Q-CTRL, emphasize your expertise in the physics of quantum error and control. A PhD in quantum physics, especially if you researched quantum control or error correction, will align very well. If you’ve worked with real quantum hardware (even in an academic setting) and have dealt with noise and decoherence, mention how you improved performance; that’s exactly Q-CTRL’s mission. Software skills are also crucial: Q-CTRL’s products are software, so proficiency in coding and software engineering practices should be highlighted (point to any projects where you’ve developed complex code, maybe even any involvement in Q-CTRL’s open-source tools if available). Showing an interest and ability in teaching or explaining quantum concepts can also be a bonus, given their educational activities. Q-CTRL often looks for people who are creative problem-solvers; citing an example where you applied physics or math to solve a tricky problem could demonstrate that. To get noticed, you might participate in Q-CTRL’s community (they occasionally run workshops or have public tutorials on how to use their Boulder Opal or Fire Opal tools for error mitigation). Engaging with those resources and even reaching out to the team with insightful questions can put you on their radar. Since Q-CTRL straddles academia and industry, having a foot in both worlds helps (e.g., a strong research record plus an inclination for product development). Finally, express your enthusiasm for their mission: talk about why error reduction and quantum control are key to the industry (they certainly believe it is) and maybe reference their achievements like the IBM optimization problem success or their quantum sensing demos as inspiration for why you want to join them.
Silicon Quantum Computing (Australia)
Silicon Quantum Computing (SQC) is a pioneering Australian quantum technology company focused on building a commercial-scale quantum computer using silicon-based qubits. Founded in 2017, SQC emerged from the University of New South Wales (UNSW) and the Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (CQC2T), under the leadership of Professor Michelle Simmons, a globally recognized expert in atomic-scale electronics.
Company Overview
SQC's mission is to develop a quantum computer based on atomically precise qubits in silicon. The company has achieved significant milestones, including the development of the world's first quantum integrated circuit manufactured at the atomic scale. SQC is backed by a consortium of investors, including the Australian Commonwealth Government, the New South Wales Government, UNSW, Telstra, and the Commonwealth Bank of Australia.
Career Opportunities
SQC offers a range of roles for professionals in science, engineering, and mathematics fields. Opportunities include positions for research scientists, hardware engineers, and other technical roles focused on quantum computing development. Candidates typically require a Master's or Ph.D. in a relevant scientific field, along with experience in areas such as quantum device fabrication, low-temperature physics, or silicon-based quantum technologies.
Working at SQC
Employees at SQC work in a collaborative environment that bridges academia and industry, contributing to cutting-edge research and development in quantum computing. The company is located in Sydney, Australia, providing access to state-of-the-art laboratory facilities and a vibrant scientific community.
Our Best Advice
Across all these companies, whether a tech giant or startup, a common thread for landing a role is demonstrable passion and relevant expertise in quantum computing. Build a strong foundation through formal education (courses, degrees) and practical projects or research. Take advantage of internships, fellowships, and open-source contributions in the quantum space to make connections. Keep up with each company’s latest developments (cite their breakthroughs in your interviews to show you care). Because quantum computing is still an emerging field, showing that you can learn quickly, adapt to new tools, and collaborate across disciplines will set you apart. Each of these companies values innovation, so highlight experiences where you’ve creatively solved problems. By aligning your skills with their focus, be it hardware engineering, software development, or algorithm design, and showing genuine enthusiasm for their mission, you’ll greatly improve your chances of joining the forefront of the quantum computing revolution.